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<title>Time series database</title>

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Time series database

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A time series database is a software system that is optimized for storing and serving <a href="Time_series" title="Time series">time series</a> through associated pairs of time(s) and value(s).<a href="#cite_note-Various,_UCR,-1">[1]</a> In some fields, <a href="Time_series" title="Time series">time series</a> may be called profiles, curves, traces or trends.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Several early time series databases are associated with industrial applications which could efficiently store measured values from sensory equipment (also referred to as <a href="Data_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Data historian">data historians</a>), but now are used in support of a much wider range of applications.

In many cases, the repositories of time-series data will utilize <a href="Compression_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression algorithm">compression algorithms</a> to manage the data efficiently.<a href="#cite_note-Gorilla-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lockerman_2020-4">[4]</a> Although it is possible to store time-series data in many different database types, the design of these systems with time as a key index is distinctly different from <a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a> which reduce discrete relationships through referential models.<a href="#cite_note-Asay,_TechRepublic,_2019-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

Time series datasets are relatively large and uniform compared to other datasets―usually being composed of a <a href="Timestamp" title="Timestamp">timestamp</a> and associated data.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a> Time series datasets can also have fewer relationships between data entries in different tables and don't require indefinite storage of entries.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a> The unique properties of time series datasets mean that time series databases can provide significant improvements in storage space and performance over general purpose databases.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a> For instance, due to the uniformity of time series data, specialized compression algorithms can provide improvements over regular compression algorithms designed to work on less uniform data.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a> Time series databases can also be configured to regularly delete (or downsample) old data, unlike regular databases which are designed to store data indefinitely.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a> Special <a href="Database_index" title="Database index">database indices</a> can also provide boosts in query performance.<a href="#cite_note-Wayner2021-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_time_series_databases">List of time series databases</h2></div>

The following database systems have functionality optimized for handling <a href="Time_series" title="Time series">time series</a> data.

</caption>

<th>License</th>

<th>Language</th>

<th>References

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<td><a href="Apache_IoTDB" title="Apache IoTDB">Apache IoTDB</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="Apache_Kudu" title="Apache Kudu">Apache Kudu</a></td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Apache_Pinot" title="Apache Pinot">Apache Pinot</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ClickHouse" title="ClickHouse">ClickHouse</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="CrateDB" title="CrateDB">CrateDB</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="EXtremeDB" title="EXtremeDB">eXtremeDB</a>

</td>

<td>Commercial

</td>

<td>SQL, <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> / <a href="C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, and <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>

</td>

</td></tr>

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<td><a href="InfluxDB" title="InfluxDB">InfluxDB</a></td>

<td><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MITgithub-14">[14]</a> Chronograf <a href="Affero_General_Public_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Affero General Public License">AGPLv3</a>, Clustering Commercial<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></td>

<td><a href="Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a> (version 2), <a href="Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> (version 3)<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="IBM_Informix" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Informix">Informix TimeSeries</a></td>

<td>Commercial</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Commercial</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Prometheus_(software)" title="Prometheus (software)">Prometheus</a></td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td>

<td><a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="RRDtool" title="RRDtool">RRDtool</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="TimescaleDB" title="TimescaleDB">TimescaleDB</a></td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Whisper (<a href="Graphite_(software)" title="Graphite (software)">Graphite</a>)</td>

<td><a href="Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td>

<td><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li><a href="Operational_historian" title="Operational historian">Operational historian</a></li>

<li><a href="Delta_encoding" title="Delta encoding">Delta encoding</a>

<ul><li><a href="Differential_backup" title="Differential backup">Differential backup</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TxY6EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22TimescaleDB%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA50">Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Volume 8 - Data Visualization</a>. Army Research Laboratory. December 29, 2020. p. 50. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780997725780</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Joshi-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Joshi_20-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJoshi2012" class="citation book cs1">Joshi, Nishes (May 23, 2012). Interoperability in monitoring and reporting systems (Thesis). <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852%2F9085">10852/9085</a>.</cite>

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